Human Interface Input Acceleration System

ABSTRACT

A method and system for transmitting data to and from a hand-held host device are disclosed. An accessory device for interfacing with a host device includes a communication channel designed to establish a bidirectional data link between the accessory device and the host device. The accessory device also includes a storage unit communicatively coupled to the communication channel. The storage unit is designed to store various data. In addition, at least a first data is selectively transmitted from the stored data of the accessory device to the host device through the established bidirectional data link.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/689,207, filed Jan. 18, 2010 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/519,455 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,649,522), filed Sep. 11, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/249,009 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,280,097), filed Oct. 11, 2005, the entire contents of which are considered part of (and are hereby incorporated by reference in) the disclosure of this application. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/699,555, filed on Oct. 31, 2003 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,218,313) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/221,412, filed Sep. 6, 2005 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,669,770).

BACKGROUND

The following description relates to hand-held input acceleration devices for interfacing with electronic devices, such as cellular phones, personal digital assistants (“PDAs”), pocket personal computers, smart phones, hand-held game devices, bar code readers, MP3 players and other similar input devices having a keypad or one or more input elements, and also relates to human interface and input systems for use with the hand-held acceleration devices.

Electronic devices have become increasingly sophisticated and physically smaller due in part to a decrease in the price of processing power and a concurrent increase in demand by consumers for smaller devices. Such devices, however, tend to be limited in function and utility by the user's ability to interface with the device for data input (e.g., text, numeric, and functional input) and/or device control, which becomes increasingly more difficult to do as the available space on the device's surface for positioning the input elements, which are used for data input and/or device control, continues to decrease.

Moreover, as the use of applications such as text centric applications (e.g., inputting data for e-mail, instant messaging, SMS, and MMS), navigation applications (e.g. 1-D navigation such as scrolling down a long list of songs to choose a song, or 2D navigation, such as moving on a data page or map), and game applications (e.g. steering a car in a first person driving game) increases, the keypad on electronic devices, such as a cellular phone, is increasingly becoming a bottleneck to speed, accuracy and ease of data entry, playing games, picking items from long lists, web browsing, and launching applications.

For example, many hand-held electronic devices, in particular cellular phones, typically use a D-pad as the primary way to navigate up and down a list of items, such as a list of songs, on an item-by-item basis. Such item-by-item scrolling, however, is typically inefficient in navigating from the first item in the list to the last item in the list, especially if the list includes hundreds of items. Although most of these electronic devices provide the user with page up and page down functionality, which permits the user the scroll a number of items at once, e.g., some applications may associate ten items per page, often times such page up and page down functionality must be executed through multiple taps or presses of one or more input elements, typically those making up the keypad. The particular number of taps or number of input elements required to evoke such page up and down functionality typically depends on the application developer's preference, and therefore often differ from application to application within the same electronic device. Also, the location of the page up/page down keys is not standardized, and thus requires a user to memorize the location for each individual application. Even the same application may be implemented using different user interfaces in different hand-held electronic devices.

Various human interface and input systems and techniques for hand-held electronic devices have been developed for data input and device control. These include miniature keyboards and keypads used in combination with chordal input techniques, modal input techniques and/or smart keys; and touch screens used in combination with on-screen keyboard or keypad software or hand-writing recognition software. Additionally, for gaming, some hand-held electronic devices, such as cellular phones, have incorporated miniature thumb joysticks on the face of the device itself in lieu of the directional navigation pad (D-pad).

Keyboard or Key Pad Used with Chordal, Modal and Smart Key Techniques

Miniature keyboards and keypads are similar to their standard full-size versions—i.e., a keyboard generally has a full set or substantially full set of numeric, character, and functional input elements, while key pads typically have a reduced set of numeric, character and/or functional input elements compared to keyboards. These miniature input devices typically are designed to fit the available space on one surface of a hand-held electronic device or are designed as small, easily transportable, external plug-in devices. Thus, as hand-held electronic devices become smaller, the size of the input elements typically has been reduced in order for the desired number of input elements to fit on one surface of the electronic device.

For data input and device control, miniature keyboards and keypads typically either require one of two input techniques—use of one or more thumbs or fingers to press the desired input elements or use of a stylus to “peck” the desired input elements (which is usually done where the input element is of smaller size). Various techniques, such as chordal input techniques, modal input techniques and smart keys, have been developed and implemented to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of using miniature keyboards and keypads.

Chordal Input Techniques

Chordal input techniques generally are based upon the principle that characters, symbols, words, phrases or concepts can be represented by a reduced set of input elements. Thus, by only having to press a reduced combination of input elements, functionality can be increased and quicker and more accurate data input can be realized. Chordal input techniques can be used on any keyboard or keypad configuration or any device having more than one input element, and typically results in fewer input elements or more functions compared to conventional keyboards or keypads. An example of an electronic device using two-handed chordal input techniques is a court reporter or stenographer's typewriter. One chordal input technique using a keypad to decrease the number of actuations to achieve a large number of functions is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,621 to Levy, entitled “Compact Keyed Input Device,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

Modal Input Techniques

Modal input techniques are based on the concept that functions of the electronic device, e.g., text messaging in a cell-phone or PDA, can be accessed by pressing a particular input element (or combination of elements) on a keyboard or keypad. Once that particular input element is pressed, the functionality of all or a portion of the input elements on the keyboard or keypad may change. Modal techniques typically are used in calculators, cellular phones, and PDAs. For example, in cellular phones, a modal technique called multi-tap is common, in which individual input elements on the keypad are associated with multiple symbols, such as characters, letters, numbers, icons or other types of symbols, which tends to reduce the number of input elements required to achieve the desired functions, e.g., a twelve-input-element keypad can be used to represent all letters of the English alphabet and the decimal digits. A user can input a desired symbol within a set of symbols associated with a certain input element by tapping on that particular input element with a thumb, finger, or stylus, one or more times to input the desired character. Thus, if a user desires to send a text message, the user may press a functional input element, e.g., a mode key, to access the text messaging functionality of the cellular phone and then tap an individual input element one or more times to select the associated symbol for input. The number of taps needed to input a particular symbol may differ depending on the language character set chosen. For example, Japanese keypad or keyboards typically require a minimum set of 46 characters for text input, while English or American keyboards and keypads usually require a minimum set of 26 characters for text input. These modal input techniques have gained some popularity as users perform more text functions, but these techniques can be cumbersome because to access some letters or characters, an input element on the keypad may have to be tapped three or four times. Also, in hand-held devices with a keypad, such as a cellular phone, these modal input techniques typically rely on the user's thumb, which is not generally as dexterous as the user's fingers.

Smart Keys

Smart keys are typically used on keypads and refer to a single key or combination of keys that, when pressed, predict the users next logical action. Some implementations work better than others and some applications reduce the number of keystrokes required to complete a function better than others. Word-predictor software, for example, attempts to predict the word or character the user intends to input based upon one or more letters inputted by the user and the likely probabilities within a given language. The probability of the software guessing correctly increases with the length of the word or number of letters or characters inputted. In a device using smart keys on the keypad, a user may tap the keys 2, 2 and 8 in sequence to generate the word “cat” and the device would display that word first because it is usually the most common combination, whereas the word “bat,” which can be generated by pressing the same keys, would not be displayed first because it is not as common. Also, the word “cat” may be displayed after pressing the 2 key the second time based on a guess by the word-predictor software.

Smart keys also are typically used for Japanese data input where a user phonetically inputs letters representing the sound of the Japanese character (e.g., a Kanji character). Based on the inputted letters, the predictor software guesses the Japanese character. To select the character, a user would press the accept button or use the scrolling function to go to the next character with a similar set of phonetic inputs.

Touch Screen Using on-Screen Keyboard or Handwriting Recognition Software

Using on-screen keyboard or keypad software with a touch screen offers users the ability to enter data with fingers or thumbs on a screen-sized keyboard or buttons, allowing faster data input without a stylus or physical keyboard or keypad accessory; while using handwriting recognition software with a touch screen, such as Graffiti™ on the Palm operating system, offers users the ability to enter text with a stylus by writing the text directly on the touch screen. Touch screens usually consume more power and are more expensive than non touch-sensitive screens. This higher power consumption can be a problem for hand-held electronic devices, which typically have limited power resources. Moreover, touch screens usually require the user to use both hands (e.g., one hand is used to hold and steady the device while the other hand is used to grasp the stylus), which is generally undesirable for interfacing with and controlling one handed hand-held electronic device, such as cellular phones. Handwriting recognition software has improved the slowness and awkwardness inherent in stylus, finger or thumb input but other drawbacks still remain, such as high power consumption, the necessity to use both hands, and lack of tactile feedback to inform a user when an input element has been. Moreover, recognition software requires training to use properly, and, even then, still results in a high error rate.

Game Control

For game control, many of the above approaches have been used, but in most hand-held electronic devices, a user typically controls game play through the use of some form of input element, such as on a miniature keypad and/or D-pad, which typically is located on the front surface of the device. Game control on some hand-held electronic devices, such as cellular phones, is inherently one handed or at most two thumbed because of the size of the device, while game control on other hand-held electronic devices, such as PDAs and conventional game console controllers, is typically two-handed. The input elements associated with game control on these devices are typically digital, particularly the D-pad, even though analog input elements have been used on game controllers for PC and console game systems, such as Microsoft's Xbox or Sony's Play Station 2.

Transferring Data to and from a Mobile Device

Transferring applications and content to and from a mobile device can typically be accomplished through various provisioning methods. For example, content stored on a personal computer (PC) can be transferred to a mobile device using a conventional data cable physically plugged into a conventional communication port (e.g., a Universal Serial Bus (USB)). If both the PC and the mobile device support wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth), the transfer can be performed wirelessly between the PC and the mobile device. Typically, such wired or wireless transfer between the PC and the mobile device often require additional connectivity software.

Alternatively, an end user can download applications or content (e.g., ring tones, games, images, etc.) from a cellular carrier's web portal onto the mobile device. The end user can use a PC to visit the web portal and purchase an application or content. Typically, once the end user purchases an application or content for download, a download link is sent to the end user's mobile device via a Short Message Service (SMS) text message. Then the end user can click on the link to complete the download process through the over-the-air provisioning process. A period of long delay can occur between the time the end user purchases the application or content, and the time the end user r the application or content. The download and installation process may be subject to additional data fees from the carrier, and the success of the download is often subject to the presence and quality of cellular coverage for a particular carrier. The end user can also download the application or content directly onto the mobile device if the mobile device supports such a feature. For example, a simple Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) interface with a simple search engine can be used to present content to the end user. The end user can then search for the desired application or content and purchase it directly from the mobile device.

An emerging content provisioning method allows users to send an SMS text message to an advertised number (typically 5 digits long, as opposed to 10-digit phone numbers in the United States), with an alphanumeric keyword indicating the desired content. The content provider then sends a link back to the user via SMS, which can be clicked to download content. This method is increasingly popular for distributing off-portal content. The SMS code and keyword are often advertised in magazines or web sites.

SUMMARY

The present inventors recognized that conventional human interface and input systems for hand-held electronic devices tended to be relatively inflexible, cumbersome, and inefficient to use, among other reasons, because they were not designed to take advantage of the biomechanics of the human hand, particularly the advantages associated with the opposition of the thumb to the fingers and the beneficial attributes of the thumb, e.g., its large range of motion and ability to impart large sustained forces, and the beneficial attributes of the fingers, e.g., their fine motor control, spatial memory and rapidity of motion.

The present inventors also recognized that the input techniques developed to improve the efficiency of data input and device control, such as chordal and modal techniques, were limited by the inefficiencies inherent in conventional input systems. For example, miniature keyboards and keypads used in combination with chordal input techniques not only required the user to memorize numerous input combinations and develop the necessary motor skills to control a reduced number of input elements to provide even more complex functionality compared to typical QWERTY keyboards, but also did not use or allocate input tasks to the fingers and thumb of the human hand effectively. Moreover, miniature keyboards and keypads used in combination with modal input techniques tended to limit the user's ability to efficiently input data depending on the number of taps required to input a particular symbol and how fast the user could tap the input element with his thumb or a stylus to select the particular symbol.

The present inventors also recognized that, with the emergence of multimedia capabilities, such as MP3, in many hand-held electronic devices, there is a need to support fast and intuitive scrolling and list navigation actions. For example, many hand-held electronic devices, in particular cellular phones, typically use a D-pad as the primary way to navigate up and down a list of items, such as a list of songs, on an item-by-item basis. Such item-by-item scrolling, however, is typically inefficient in navigating from the first item in the list to the last item in the list, especially if the list includes hundreds of items. Moreover, the page up and page down functionality provided on many of these devices to make it easier for a user to navigate long lists of items often must be executed through multiple taps or presses of one or more input elements. The particular number of taps or number of input elements required to evoke such page up and down functionality usually depends on the application developer's preference, and therefore often differs from application to application within the same electronic device.

The present inventors also recognized that a user's ability to control game play in such devices was greatly limited. For example, while analog game control has been available to users of PC and console game systems, analog game control generally has not been widely available on hand-held electronic devices, such as cellular phones and PDAs. As noted above, most high end games that run on a gaming platform such as the Xbox or the Play Station 2 involve analog or continuous inputs from one or more input elements, such as a miniature or full sized joystick. Cellular phones and PDAs, in contrast, provide only buttons or keys as input elements for game play. Moreover, to the present inventors knowledge, there are no standards for input element layout for cellular phones, or in the way that the input elements are mapped to gaming functions. For example, often times, the D-pad provided on most of these cellular phones is not available to the game developer to use as a game input. The result is that directional movement input is often provided using the number input elements on the keypad, particularly the “2”, “8”, “4”, and “6” input elements on the keypad for up, down, left and right directional movement. The present inventors recognized that this layout presents several problems. First, the input is discrete, so there is no way to provide a continuous input, such as steering a car in a first person driving game. In such as game, the car can be steered to move only left, straight, or right in preset increments, which severely limits the quality of the gaming experience. Second, directional movement is provided by the number input elements while the clearly labeled arrow keys on the D-pad remain unused. This typically requires getting used to and may create user confusion. Third, the number input elements are typically located on one end of the phone's surface, and are thus less comfortable to use than the D-pad which is typically located above the number input elements. The result is that game play is limited and not as widely adopted as it might be with a better interface.

The present inventors further recognized that conventional provisioning mechanisms for delivering content to a mobile device tends to deliver a less than ideal end user experience. Buying or downloading content by browsing on a mobile device tend to results in a confusing, negative, and sometimes abortive buying experience. First of all, finding the desired content to purchase can often be difficult and frustrating. The user is often left at the mercy of the form factor and user interface on their mobile device. The visual display is often quite small and the resolution may be less than stellar, with the ability to display only a small number of items at once. The software user interface to access the carrier's on-portal storefront itself can typically be rudimentary and obtuse, with no standardization across carriers, manufacturers, or even devices within the same manufacturer. Many carriers often use a WAP-based interface for their mobile storefront, which tend to pose significant user interaction limitations. Typically, only a few featured items are readily available for the end user to find; the rest of the content is often hidden behind layers of web pages, which are often poorly categorized and hard to find. In addition, the download speed for obtaining mobile content is often limited by the data speeds of the mobile device and wireless network of the service provider. In areas of poor cellular coverage, the download process may take an unacceptable amount of time, or fail repeatedly. Some mechanisms, such as SMS short code, attempts to resolve some of these deficiencies by advertising the mechanism to purchase content in publications which their target demographic is likely to encounter. However, such mechanisms still tend to have other limitations—for example, the SMS short code mechanism categorically misses potential customers because the advertisement may be missed in the publication. Even if the users notice the advertisement and was able to discover the existence of the content, the process of sending an alphanumeric keyword to an SMS short code could pose a significant challenge to less technically savvy persons who may not be comfortable with sending a text message, or entering a mixed text and numeric string using their mobile device's keypad. While purchasing content using a personal computer (PC) tend to provide a better experience than using the mobile device, transferring content from a PC to a mobile device often requires a separate (and often complicated) application to establish a data link between the device. It also requires the user to be at a stationary location, often with connectivity to the internet, which constrains the buying process and reduces the spontaneity and mobility of the buying experience.

The present inventors also recognized that the over-the-air provisioning method tend to suffer from delay, instability of web portals, and poor download speed. Typically, a delay between the time of purchase and the time when the purchased content is finally installed on the mobile device tend can last up to two days or more. In addition, the web portal performing the provisioning may not be operational at all times, due to both scheduled and unscheduled down times. This can often result in frustration when the user attempts and fails to download the content. Further, the download process is subject to the data speed of the device and the carrier's network. While the number of mobile devices that support 3G technology (which theoretically supports broadband-like data speed) may be rising, the quality of service coverage for a carrier in local geographical pockets can often make the difference between a speedy and a failed content download. Connections tend to drop inexplicably in the middle of the download process, and the end user can often be forced to attempt multiple downloads before eventually receiving the content. In some instances, the end user may fail to receive the content at all. Also, data download is often subject to data charges above and beyond the cost of the content itself. Further, the pricing structure for data download tend to be opaque, which can often cause many end users to shy away from data downloads. Further, not all the end user may have a subscription plan that supports data downloads. For example, some pay-as-you-go plans by select carriers tend not to allow the end user to navigate to an off portal URL, or even to take full advantage of the on-portal content from the mobile device. For these customers, the SMS short code mechanism would fail, causing confusion, frustration, and a long process to try to recover the payment for content that their mobile devices cannot receive.

The present inventors also recognized that the conventional over-the-air application and content procurement process often do not provide a backup copy of the application or content downloaded by the end user. After downloading the content, if the mobile device is lost or stolen, or if a firmware upgrade with a master reset is needed, the downloaded content can often be lost. The end user may then be forced to repurchase the same content. Typically, this is unlike the conventional PC based software purchase paradigm. Software purchased and downloaded from the web often comes in a zipped archive, which the end user can back up on non-volatile media at their own discretion. So if the PC itself had a problem and needed to be rebuilt with a fresh installation of the operating system, the end user may be able to reinstall all of the software that he or she has purchased by using the backup copy. This is often not an option in the mobile space.

Consequently, the present inventors have developed a flexible and efficient human interface and input system and techniques that may be implemented on a variety of small hand-held accessory devices or “input accelerator” devices, such as a key fob or remote control. An input accelerator device or an accessory device may connect to one or more conventional hand-held electronic devices (i.e., a host electronic device), such as a cellular phone, PDA, pocket PC, smart phone, MP3 player, or other similar devices using a wired communication protocol such as USB, or a wireless communication protocol such as Bluetooth and remotely control all functions of the connected host electronic devices. The accessory device may be used in conjunction with the input elements on the host electronic device to accelerate the user's ability to perform functions such as text input, game play, list navigation and scrolling. Alternatively, the accessory device can even eliminate the need to directly interface with the inefficient human interface and input systems of the connected host electronic devices. The accessory device may also be implemented to include various hybrid devices including a wireless headset in addition to the functions of a remote control. The accessory device (whether one handed or two handed) may also be implemented to utilize the opposed thumb and finger ergonomics inherent in the hand and the skills already developed for using conventional input techniques to accomplish data input, list navigation, device control, and game control in a timely, efficient, comfortable, fun, and intuitive manner. Thus, no specialized training beyond that normally expected with any newly purchased hand-held device is expected.

Further, the present inventors have developed a technique and apparatus that may be implemented as disclosed herein to, e.g., (1) deliver applications and other content to mobile devices that addresses the end user's needs in searching and finding the content she wants and (2) install the content on the mobile devices in a transparent and easy to use manner. The content to be delivered may include an application, songs, wallpapers, ringtones, video clips or other such multimedia content. The content may reside within the accessory device, and can be delivered to a mobile device at the touch of a button, over a wired or wireless connectivity protocol. The need for over-the-air provisioning can thus be eliminated. Users are able to purchase content in the form of a tangible product, and will have a backup mechanism to reinstall the content in the event their mobile device is lost, stolen, or otherwise modified to render previously installed content inoperable. Content delivery speed is typically far better than over-the-air provisioning. The delivery process can be as simple as pressing a button on the accessory device. The number of steps the consumer must go through are thus significantly reduced, from the time they make a decision to purchase the content, to the time they are able to consume this content on their mobile devices. Details are outlined in the following sections.

Implementations of the human interface and input system and techniques for the accessory device described herein may include various combinations of the following features.

In one aspect, an accessory device for interfacing with a host device includes a communication channel designed to establish a bidirectional data link between the accessory device and the host device. The accessory device also includes a storage unit communicatively coupled to the communication channel. The storage unit is designed to store various data. In addition, at least a first data is selectively transmitted from the stored data of the accessory device to the host device through the established bidirectional data link.

Implementations can optionally include one or more of the following features. The stored data can include a computer executable application, such as a software application. In addition, the accessory device can include a download manager communicatively coupled to the communication channel. The download manager can be designed to download or update the various data stored in the storage unit from an external source. The accessory device can further allow the first data to be selectively transmitted based on a command from the host device in response to a user interaction with a host input assembly included on the host device. The selectively transmitted first data can include an output data of an application executing on the accessory device. In some implementations, the application executing on the accessory device includes a game application, and the output data includes streaming video.

Implementations can also optionally include one or more of the following features. The accessory device can include an input assembly including various input elements, with each input element being selectively mapped to one or more input functions based on the selectively transmitted data. The accessory device an also include an input controller communicatively coupled to the input assembly and the communication channel, with the input controller designed to generate an input signal upon actuation of at least one of the various input elements. The input controller is designed to relay the input signal to the communication channel for transmission to the host device to control a plurality of input functions of the selectively transmitted first data. Further, the input assembly can also include a first input assembly made up of at least a first one of the various input elements. The first one of the various input elements is located on a first surface of the accessory device. Also, at least one input element includes at least one of an analog button, a digital button, a key, a rocker, a slider, a dial, a touch pad, a touch stick, a pressure sensor, a force sensitive resistor, a piezoelectric resistive sensor, a capacitive sensor, a positional sensor, a rotary encoder, a linear potentiometer, a D-pad, a trackball, and a miniature analog thumb joystick. The input assembly can be further designed to optimize a biomechanical effect of the human user's opposing thumb and fingers.

Implementations can further include one or more of the following features. The various input functions of the selectively transmitted first data can be controlled by a user interaction with a combination of the input assembly and a host input assembly disposed on the host device. Also, the communication channel can include a wired data connection, such as any one of a Universal Serial Bus port, a IEEE 1394 Firewire port, a serial port, a parallel port, a headphone port, and a data port. Alternatively, the communication channel can include a wireless data connection, such as any one of a Bluetooth connection, an Infrared connection, a Wi-Fi connection, and a WiMAX connection. The storage unit can include a removable memory unit including at least one of a SD memory card, a mini-SD memory card, a micro-SD memory card, an XD memory card, and a compact flash card. Further, the accessory device can include a processor communicatively coupled to the communication channel. The processor is designed to determine whether to execute the first data on the accessory device or whether to transmit the first data to the host device to be executed on the host device.

In another aspect, an accessory device is designed by providing a communication channel for transmitting information bi-directionally between a host device and the accessory device. Also, a storage unit designed to store various data is provided to be communicatively coupled to the communication channel. An input assembly including various input elements is disposed on one or more surfaces of the accessory device. The input assembly is designed to receive human input through manipulation of the input elements with at least one of the input elements further designed to be selectively mapped to one or more functions of a selected data from the stored data. An accessory processor communicatively coupled to the storage unit, the communication channel, and the input assembly is also provided. The accessory processor is designed to determine whether to execute the selected data on the accessory device or whether to transmit the selected data to the host device to be executed on the host device.

In yet another aspect, various host devices can be controlled by providing an accessory device that includes a communication channel designed to transmit data bi-directionally between the various host devices and the accessory device. The accessory device provided also includes a storage unit communicatively coupled to the communication channel and designed to store various data, The accessory device provided also includes an input assembly including various input elements, with each input element being designed to be selectively mapped to one or more input functions of a selected one of the stored data.

Implementations can optionally include one or more of the following features. Disposing the input assembly on one or more surfaces can further include disposing at least a first input assembly designed to optimize a biomechanical effect of the human user's opposing thumb and fingers. In addition, providing the accessory device can further include designing the input assembly to include at least a first input assembly including at least a first one of the various input elements. The first one of the various input elements can be located on a first surface. Also, an input element on one of the various host devices can be actuated in conjunction with the first input assembly to accelerate input functions of the selected data.

Computer program products, which may be embodied on computer readable-material, are also described. Such computer program products may include executable instructions that cause a computer system to conduct one or more of the method acts described herein. Similarly, computer systems are also described that may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory may encode one or more programs that cause the processor to perform one or more of the method acts described herein.

The input accelerator device and human interface and input systems and techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following advantages. The human interface and input system and associated techniques offer the functionality of a high performance game controller, which can support the most demanding game input requirements, and the speed and accuracy of data input that can be obtained with the use of a conventional standard QWERTY keyboard, but without the large footprint. Also, the human interface and input system and associated techniques can increase the number of functions that may be associated with a given number of input elements without increasing the number of keystrokes or taps that is required. Moreover, it allows the input element size to remain consistent with the ergonomics of the human hand without increasing the time it takes to learn how to use the input system compared to conventional input systems.

Implementing the human interface and input system and techniques on an input accelerator device can eliminate the need to interface with inflexible, cumbersome, and inefficient input systems provided with conventional hand-held electronic devices. Since the input accelerator device can connect to multiple hand-held electronic devices using wired or wireless communication protocols a singled input accelerator device can make up for deficiencies of multiple conventional hand-held electronic devices. Thus, the input accelerator device can eliminate the need to retrofit or redesign conventional hand-held electronic devices to directly implement the disclosed human interface and input system and associated techniques. In addition, the input accelerator device can be small and aesthetically valuable as a fashion accessory. For example, the input accelerator device may be implemented to include logos of sports teams or cartoon characters in addition to a wide selection of colors. The input accelerator device also may be easily attached to a keychain or a phone leash or clipped on or carried in a pocket or purse.

Details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hand-held input accelerator device upon which the human interface and input system may be implemented.

FIG. 2 is another block diagram of a hand-held input accelerator device upon which the human interface and input system may be implemented.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the human interface and input system.

FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of the input assembly of the human interface and input system.

FIGS. 5 a-d show front, side, and back views, respectively, of a hand-held input accelerator device wherein a second input assembly includes a pressure sensor arrays having a plurality of configurable active areas.

FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate implementation of the second input assembly on a hand-held input accelerator device.

FIGS. 7 a-d depict one implementation of a hand-held input accelerator device comprising a combination of a remote control and a wireless headset.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an accessory device for interfacing with a host device and external source.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a prepackaged accessory device.

FIG. 10 a-i illustrates example form factors for a prepackaged accessory device.

FIG. 11 a depicts an accessory device configured to stabilize one handed use of a host device.

FIG. 11 b-c depicts an accessory device configured to stabilize two handed use of a host device.

FIG. 11 d illustrates an accessory device communicatively linked to a host device via a wireless connection.

FIG. 11 e depicts an accessory device communicatively linked to a host device via a wired connection.

FIG. 12 a-b depicts an accessory device comprising an input assembly.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Biomechanics of the Human Hand

The human hand comprises an opposable thumb and four fingers, i.e., the thumb may be used in opposition, in concert, in combination or functional relation with any of the four fingers. Compared to the human fingers, the human thumb may be characterized as having larger range of motion, stronger sustaining force actuation and poorer dexterity. The human base joint of the thumb has three degrees of freedom, such as side-to-side movement, up and down movement, and rotation about the thumb's long axis; while the base joint of the fingers has two degrees of freedom, such as side-to-side and up and down movement. Thus, the thumb typically is considered to have better range of motion than any of the fingers. Also, because the human thumb has a bigger actuation muscle than any of the fingers, it can provide larger sustaining forces than the fingers. But also because of the larger muscle, the human thumb may suffer from diminished fine motor control and rapidity of motion that can be exerted compared to the fingers. Thus, the human fingers are more suitable for performing tasks that require fine motor coordination or the ability to pinpoint or rapidly repeat actuation.

Hand-Held Input Accelerator Device Hardware Overview

FIG. 1 is a high-level block diagram of a hand-held input accelerator device 100 upon which the human interface and input system and associated input techniques described herein may be implemented for controlling software applications stored and running on a hand-held host device 117. The input accelerator device 100 is a companion auxiliary device to the hand-held host device 117, whereby a user may interface with the auxiliary device and the hand-held host device concurrently 117 or the auxiliary device alone in lieu of the hand-held host device 117. The input accelerator device 100 is communicatively coupled to a hand-held host device 117, such as a cellular phone, PDA, pocket PC, or smart phone, or other similar devices using a communication link 111, such as the Bluetooth protocol. The Bluetooth protocol is a short-range, low-power 1 Mbit/sec wireless network technology operated in the 2.4 GHz band, which is appropriate for use in piconets. A piconet can have a master and up to seven slaves. The master transmits in even time slots, while slaves transmits in odd time slots. The devices in a piconet share a common communication data channel with total capacity of 1 Mbit/sec. Headers and handshaking information are used by Bluetooth devices to strike up a conversation and find each other to connect.

The communication link 111 alternatively may be a wired link using standard data ports such as Universal Serial Bus interface, IEEE 1394 firewire, or other serial or parallel port connections. Additionally, the communication link 111 can be other standard wireless links such as infrared, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), or any other wireless connection. Wi-Fi refers to any type of IEEE 802.11 protocol including 802.11a/b/g. Wi-Fi generally provides wireless connectivity for a device to the Internet or connectivity between devices. Wi-Fi operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz radio bands, with an 11 Mbit/sec (802.11b) or 54 Mbit/sec (802.11a) data rate or with products that contain both bands. Infrared refers to light waves of a lower frequency out of range of what a human eye can perceive. Used in most television remote control systems, information is carried between devices via beams of infrared light. The standard infrared system is called infrared data association (IrDA) and is used to connect some computers with peripheral devices in digital mode.

The communication link 111 connects a communication interface 116 of the input accelerator device with a communication interface 118 of the hand-held host device 117. The input accelerator device 100 includes an interface and input system 114 in communication with the communication interface 116. The interface and input system 114 includes input elements (not shown), such as keys, buttons, pressure sensor pads, touch pads, rotary dials, thumb joysticks, linear strip sensors or other actuators associated with one or more sensors that can be manipulated by one or both of a human user's thumbs or fingers. The input elements are selectively mapped to one or more functions of the software applications stored on the host device 100. The mapping or re-mapping of the input elements to one or more functions of the software applications may be accomplished by using one of the techniques disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/221,412, entitled “A Method of Remapping the Input Elements of a Hand-Held Device,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

In this implementation, the interface and input assembly 114 is implemented with four input elements, but may be implemented with more or fewer input elements. Upon actuation of an input element, an electrical signal is generated by the input assembly 114. The generated electrical signal is converted into input signals 122, which are transmitted over the communication link 111 to the hand-held host device 117, which receives the input signals 122 through communication interface 118. The input signals 122 are processed by the hand-held host device 117 to execute the software function mapped to the actuated input element. Typically, hand-held host device 117 has a processor (not shown), such as an ARM, OMAP, or other similar processor for processing the input signals and the software applications stored and running thereon.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an input accelerator device 200 upon which the human interface and input system and associated input techniques described herein may be implemented. In this implementation, optional hardware components are implemented to configure a more powerful auxiliary device to handle more of the processing duties from the hand-held host device 117 onto the input accelerator device 200. The input accelerator device 200 may be used in conjunction with the hand-held host device 117 to control software applications stored and running on the input accelerator device 200 itself. For example, in this implementation, the input accelerator device 200 may have stored and running thereon re-mapping software such as that described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/221,412. As another example, the input accelerator device 200 may have stored and running thereon an Internet browsing application, which may be used in combination with communication functionality provided with hand-held host devices, such as the cellular communication protocols (e.g., CDMA or GSM/GPRS) provided with cellular phones, to browse the Internet.

The input accelerator device 200 is in wireless (or alternatively wired) communication with the hand-held host device 117. The hand-held host device 117 may include some of the same components as shown for the input accelerator device 200. In this implementation, the hand-held host device 117 is a conventional cellular phone, but other types of hand-held electronic devices may be used with the input accelerator device 200. The input accelerator device 200 may include a bus 202 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 204, such as an ARM, OMAP or other similar processor, coupled with bus 202 for processing information, such as one or more sequences of one or more instructions, which may be embedded software, firmware, or software applications for controlling the hand-held host device 117, such as re-mapping software or text, gaming or scrolling applications, or any other software application.

The input accelerator device 200 also may include a main memory 206, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 202 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 204. Main memory 206 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 204. The input accelerator device 100 further may include a read only memory (ROM) 208 or other static storage device coupled to bus 202 for storing static information and instructions for processor 204. A storage device 210 may be provided and coupled to bus 202 for storing information and instructions for the processor 204. The storage device 210 can include a flash memory such as EEPROM, compact flash, or a similar storage unit for storing device firmware. Upgrades to the firmware can be easily downloaded through the host device. The input accelerator device 200 may also include an optional display 212, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), for displaying information to a user, and a human interface and input system 114 for communicating information and command selections from a human user to processor 204. The command selections from a human user are communicated as input signals 122 from the interface and input system 114 to the bus 202 for distribution to other components such as the processor 204. Input accelerator device 200 also may include a communication interface 216 coupled to bus 202.

Communication interface 216 provides a two-way data communication 211 coupling to the hand-held host device 117, a wireless service device, or wireless service station. The two-way data communication 211 allows for an exchange of interactive data between the hand-held host device 117 and the input accelerator device 200. The interactive data may include voice data for conducting a conversation using a cellular phone host device. The interactive data may also include a graphical user interface (GUI) for browsing the Internet, which may be displayed on the optional display 212. In this implementation, the cellular phones host device serves as a communication conduit for receiving data from the Internet as previously mentioned. Communication interface 216 may be a wireless link such as Bluetooth or any other wireless communication interface known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In the wireless link implementation, communication interface 216 may send and receive electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.

The input accelerator device 200 also can display a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display unit 212 to provide a list of hand-held host devices 117 within communication range of the input accelerator device 200. The list of hand-held host devices 117 within communication range can be displayed using text names of each device, an icon representing each device, or a combination of text name and icon representing each device. The input elements in the input assemblies 406, 408, 409 (described in detail in FIG. 4 below) can be actuated in combination or individually to select a desired hand-held host device 117 from the list of devices in communication range of the input accelerator device 200.

The input accelerator device 100, 200 as described above can obviate the need to remove the hand-held host device 117 from the user's pocket, bag or other storage location by performing most simple text/voice control functions. The input accelerator device 100, 200 may also include a device driver (not shown) to effect control over the host hand-held device 117 and all associated software applications on the hand-held host device 117.

Human Interface and Input System Overview

FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of the subsystems of the human interface and input system 114 of the input accelerator device 100 or the input accelerator device 200. The human interface and input system 114, which is described in more detail in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/699,555, entitled “Human Interface System,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, includes an input assembly 305 in communication with an input controller 316 to interpret and generate input signals in response to user interaction with the input assembly 305. The input assembly 305 can include multiple input assemblies (described in detailed below in FIG. 4), each assembly including a number of input elements, located on one or more surfaces of the input accelerator device 100 or the input accelerator device 200. The input elements are selectively mapped to one or more functions of a software application that is stored on the hand-held host device 117 so that when one of the input elements is actuated, the function mapped to the actuated input element is executed.

Specifically, when an input element is actuated, one or more electrical signals 312 are produced, which are received and interpreted by the input controller 316. The input controller 316, which may include one or more processors, receives the one or more electrical signals 312 and converts them into input signals 122 which are transmitted to the hand-held host device 117 via communication link 111 connecting the communication interface 116 of the input accelerator device 100 with the communication interface 118 of the hand-held host device 117. Similarly, the input signals 122 are transmitted to the hand-held host device 117 via communication link 211 connecting the communication interface 216 of the input accelerator device 200 with the communication interface 118 of the hand-held host device 117. In one implementation the hand-held host device 117 interprets the input signals 122 on the fly using software, such as mapping software, to execute the function mapped to the actuated input element. Alternatively, the input accelerator device 200 may interpret the input signals 122 using software stored in the storage unit 210.

FIG. 4 illustrates one implementation of input assembly 305 including multiple input assemblies. The input assembly 305 includes a front input assembly 406, a rear input assembly 408, and a side input assembly 409. The front input assembly 406 and the rear input assembly 408 includes one or more input elements. The input elements produce one or more electrical signals 312 upon actuation of the input elements. The input controller 316, which may include one or more processors, receives the one or more electrical signals 312 and converts them into input signals 122, which are in a form suitable to be received and interpreted by the hand-held host device 117. Alternatively the input signal 122 may be interpreted by the processor 104 on the input accelerator device 200.

The hand-held host device 117 receives the input signals 122 and interprets it using the re-mapping software noted above and described in more detail below, which may be loaded on the host hand-held device. Specifically, the input signals 122 transmitted from the input accelerator device 100, 200 are received by a communication interface 118 on the hand-held host device 117 using standard communications protocols, such as the Bluetooth wireless protocol. The Bluetooth protocol allows the input signals 122 transmitted from the input accelerator device 100, 200 to control execution of embedded software, firmware, or software applications, such as a text messaging or game applications, on the hand-held host device 117. The input signals 122 are received and used by the hand-held host device 117 to map and remap the input elements in the front input assembly 406, the rear input assembly 408 and the side input assembly 409 to one or more software functions of a software application running on the host hand-held device 117.

For example, if a text application is running on the hand-held host device 117, then an input controller (not shown) on the hand-held host device 117 maps one or more input elements on the hand-held host device 117 (e.g., input elements forming the keypad on a cellular phone) to one or more symbols, such as characters, letters, numbers, icons, other types of symbols, or combinations of different types of symbols, and map one or more input elements of the front input assembly 406 on the input accelerator device 100, 200 to a shifting or indexing functionality. Thus, if a user wants to insert the letter “X”, the user may press a first shift key on the input accelerator device 100, 200 and then the number key “9” on the hand-held host device 117. If the user wants to insert the letter “Y”, the user may press a second shift key on the input accelerator device 100, 200 and then the number key “9” on the hand-held host device 117. If the user wants to insert the letter “Z”, the user may press a third shift key on the input accelerator device 100,200 and then the number key “9” on the hand-held host device 117 So instead of having to press the number key “9” on the hand-held host device 117 three times to insert the letter “Z”, which is the norm on most multi-tap interfaces, the user can insert the same letter with one press of the number key “9” on the hand-held host device 117 in combination with one press of the third shift key on the input accelerator device 100, 200.

Also, one or more input elements of the rear input assembly 408 on the input accelerator device 100, 200 can be mapped to scrolling, navigation, or cursor control functions. Furthermore, one or more input elements of the side input assembly 409 can be mapped as a short-cut key for executing a favorite application on the host hand-held device 117, such as a text, game or music application. If the hand-held host device 117 is executing a game application, then the input signals 122 may be used to control game play. That is, the input controller (not shown) on the hand-held host device 117 may map the input elements of the input assemblies 406, 408, 409 from the input accelerator device 100, 200 to game functions. The mapping of the input elements to particular input functions for a given software application, whether done by an input controller or processor on the hand-held host device 117 in response to the input signals 122 transmitted by the input accelerator device 100, 200, may be customized by the application developer or the user through downloads or other programming modalities. Moreover, the mapping of the input elements may be done for language key set changes, which may reduce the cost of manufacturing hand-held electronic devices for manufacturers servicing multiple countries.

Alternatively, the processor 204 of the input accelerator device 200 may perform the mapping function described above and alleviate some of the processing burden of the hand-held host device 117. Moreover, the human interface and input system 114 need not have the input controller 316, particularly where cost is a concern. In those instances, the processor 204 can directly receive the electrical signal 312 and interpret it into a suitable input signal 122, which is mapped using the mapping techniques noted above and described in more detail below.

The co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/221,412, describes techniques to selectively map and re-map the input elements on a hand-held electronic device optimally for a particular class of application software with common requirements (e.g., games, text entry, music and scrolling) and/or for a particular user. These techniques may also be used to map and remap the input elements of the input accelerator device 100, 200 disclosed herein and/or the hand-held host device 117. Alternatively, the input accelerator device 100, 200 may simply transmit the input signals 122 in response to user manipulation of the input elements to the hand-held host device 117, where an application software executing on the hand-held host device 117 interprets the input signals accordingly.

In one implementation, a technique for remapping a hand-held electronic device includes receiving configuration settings, which may include at least one physical input element associated with at least one function, for a software application or a class of software applications; modifying a mapping function based on the configuration settings; and executing the function associated with the physical input element upon an activation, e.g., a press or actuation, of the physical input element during operation of the software application. The activation of the physical input elements may be from the three input assemblies 406, 408, 409 of the input accelerator device and/or the input assemblies of the host hand-held devices. As described above, using standard wireless communication protocols, such as Bluetooth, signals generated from the physical activations of the input assemblies of the input accelerator device 100,200 is transmitted to the hand-held host device 117 to control execution of specific software or software application. And in response to the execution of the software or software application by the signal transmitted from the input accelerator device, mapping and remapping procedures are performed. The mapping function may comprise a keyboard device driver, a device layout or a translation layer of the keyboard device driver, a combination of these or another mapping function.

In an implementation where the mapping function comprises a device layout, the step of executing the function associated with the physical input element upon an activation of the physical input element may include writing a scan code to a buffer; retrieving the scan code from the buffer; converting the retrieved scan code to a virtual input element code using the modified device layout; calling a keyboard event with the scan code and the virtual input element code; and executing the function associated with the keyboard event, which is the function associated with the physical input element.

In an implementation where the mapping function comprises a translation layer, the step of executing the function associated with the physical input element upon an activation of the physical input element may include writing a scan code to a buffer; retrieving the scan code from the buffer; converting the scan code to an original virtual input element code; converting the original virtual input element code to a new input element code using the modified translation layer of the keyboard device driver; calling a keyboard event with the scan code and the new virtual input element code; and executing the function associated with the keyboard event, which is the function associated with the physical input element.

In another implementation, a method of re-configuring or re-mapping a software application or class of software applications may include associating one or more physical input elements disposed on the input accelerator device with at least a first executable function; and causing a modification of a mapping function to form an association of the one or more physical input elements with a second executable function to an association of the one or more physical input elements with the first executable function so that the first executable function is configured to be initiated upon an activation of the one or more physical input elements during operation of the software application or the a software application within a class of software applications. The second executable function is typically a default function typically provided with the software application to be executed in the default state when the one or more physical input elements are pressed or activated.

In yet another implementation, a graphical user interface identifying functions that are available to be associated with one or more physical input elements may be provided. The graphical user interface may also identify software applications for which a user can select to apply his physical input element to function associations. In one instance the graphical user interface may include input element icons, which correspond to physical input elements, and function icons, which correspond to an executable function. The user may then specify the functions to associate with physical input elements.

Hand-Held Input Accelerator Device Implementations

FIGS. 5 a-d illustrates front, side, back, and “hand-held” views, respectively, of a hand-held input accelerator device 500 upon which the human interface and input system may be implemented. In one implementation, the input accelerator device 500 is implemented as a remote control device including four planar or contoured surfaces: a front surface 502, a back surface 508, a left side surface 504, and a right side surface 306. Although, in other implementations, the input accelerator device 500 may have more or fewer planar and/or contoured surfaces. The input accelerator device 500 may be a miniature standalone wireless accessory device that communicates with a variety of hand-held devices such as a cellular phone, PDA, pocket PC, smart phone, laptop, or other similar devices through a wired or wireless communications protocol, such as the Bluetooth wireless protocol.

As shown in FIG. 5 a, on the front surface 502, a display (not shown), such as an LCD, and a front input assembly 526 may be disposed adjacent to each other. Alternatively, the display may be on a separate assembly such as those displays for PDA's and cellular phones with a swivel-mounted screen or flip-phone configurations. Also, the front input assembly 526 may be disposed on more than one surface. The front input assembly 526 may include four input elements 510, 512, 514, and 516, although any number of input elements may be provided, which may be actuated by a user's thumb or fingers. The input elements 510, 512, 514, and 516 may be mapped to function as shift or index keys, such as Shift1 (510), Shift2 (512), Shift3 (514), and Shift4 (516), to facilitate shifting or indexing between symbols, such as characters, letters and/or numbers, associated with input elements on the host electronic device, such as a keypad on a cellular phone or PDA. For example, on a host electronic device, such as a cellular phone, typically a keypad is provided, which has a “7PQRS” key or input element. By using the input accelerator device 500, any one of these symbols—P, Q, R, and S—may be entered by tapping the appropriate input element 510, 512, 514, and 516 and tapping the “7PQRS” key on the host electronic device. That is, the “P” character, e.g., can be entered on the host electronic device by pressing input element 510 (which is mapped as Shift1) and pressing the “7PQRS” key on the host electronic device. Likewise, the Shift2 input element 512 may be pressed with the “7PQRS” key to produce the “Q” character. The Shift3 input element 514 may be pressed with the “7PQRS” key to produce the “R” character. Pressing the “7” key without shift keys can either produce the number “7” or the “P” character depending on user preference, which can be configured in software. The Shift4 input element 516 can be pressed with the “7PQRS” key to produce the “S” character. Thus, the need to tap the same key on the host device multiple times (i.e., three times) to enter, for example the “S” character” is eliminated. The implementation of multiple shift or indexing input elements as described above can dramatically improve the comfort, accuracy and speed of text entry for a variety of host hand-held device users.

As shown in FIG. 5 b, a rear input assembly 528 may be disposed on the back surface 308. In this implementation, the front input assembly 526 (FIG. 5 a) is disposed relative to the rear input assembly 528 to take advantage of the opposition of the human thumb and finger. Alternatively, a user may flip over the input accelerator device to use the rear input assembly his thumb instead of his fingers. The rear input assembly 528 may include two sensor arrays configured in software to represent one or more delineated active areas corresponding to different programmable functions depending on the application. The sensor arrays may include a ring-shaped curved sensor array 518 and a strip-shaped linear sensor array 520. The curved sensor array 518 may be implemented to be swept sideways along a natural freedom of motion of a thumb (or finger) to map horizontal cursor movements. In addition, the linear sensor array 520 may be swept vertically using the thumb (or finger) to map vertical cursor movements or control the scroll bar in a long selection list. The curved 518 and linear 520 sensor arrays in this implementation may include an actuator, such as an elastomeric material, attached to a force sensitive resistor array, a capacitive mat or array, or other similar pressure sensitive device or grid that can provide multiple outputs corresponding to the pressure readings of a plurality of active areas on the sensor arrays. In another configuration of the pressure sensor arrays 518, 520, the entire surface of the sensor arrays 518, 520 may be covered by rectangular active areas interspersed between small rectangular inactive areas to achieve any desired number of active areas. Other configurations of the pressure sensor arrays 518, 520 may be realized depending on the requirements of the desired application.

Alternatively, the rear input assembly 528 can be free of sensors and the input elements on the front input surface 502 may be programmed in software to allow the user to stroke the linear sensor array 520 up or down to effect a vertical scrolling motion in list selection. This implementation facilitates the user in navigating through long lists efficiently and effectively without any additional sensors on the back. Additionally, the front 502 or back 508 input surfaces can optionally provide access to a miniature thumb joystick with analog inputs in both left-right and up-down directions. This thumb joystick can provide analog signals to control a game on the mobile phone host device 117.

The side input assembly 529 may be disposed on the left-side surface 504 and/or the right-side surface 506 as shown in FIGS. 5 a-c. The left side surface 504 and right side surfaces 506 of the input accelerator 300 may be implemented to include additional input or selection elements 522, 524, 526, 528, which may be used to map to other types of cellular phone functions using re-mapping techniques described above and in the co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/221,412. The input or selection elements of the side input assembly 529 can also be implemented to effect shifting between modes. For example, holding down one of the input or selection elements 522, 524, 526, 528 may act as a shortcut key whereby a favorite application such as short message service (SMS), instant messenger (IM) or music may be activated. Holding down one of the selection elements may also act as a shortcut key to activate cellular phone functions such as phone number search and select, phone number dial, and call answer. Two of the input or selection elements 522, 524 may be implemented for left-handed users and the other two selection elements 526, 528 for right-handed users.

It is to be understood that the input elements 510, 512, 514, 516 of the front input assembly 526, the side input elements 522, 524, 526, 528 of the side input assembly 529, and the back input elements 518, 510 of the rear input assembly 528 in this implementation and any other implementation may be analog and/or digital buttons, keys, rockers (which may be a one or more position buttons or an analog joystick-type button), sliders, dials or touch pads used in combination with pressure sensors (such as force sensitive resistors, piezoelectric resistive sensors, and capacitive sensors), positional sensors (such as rotary encoders, linear potentiometers and the like), miniature analog thumb joysticks or other sensors or a combination of them.

FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative implementation of the rear input assembly 408. Input element 610 is implemented as a conventional rotary dial (such as the Blackberry thumb wheel), which may be used to control horizontal and vertical cursor, scroll, and/or navigation movements. In other implementations, other sensors as described above may be utilized depending upon the user age and application categories to be covered.

FIGS. 7 a-d illustrates an implementation of the hand-held input accelerator device as a wireless headset. As shown in FIG. 7 a, the headset 700 may be implemented to include a thumb wheel as input element 710 on a front surface 730 that allows the user to scroll left and right. The front surface 730 may also include multiple input elements 722, 724, which with the input element 710, comprise a front input assembly. The front input elements 722, 724 may be actuated in conjunction with the input element 710 to perform object selections while scrolling left and right.

As shown in FIG. 7 b, a back surface 760 of the headset 700 represents one implementation of a rear input assembly. The back surface 760 may include a linear sensor array 720 to facilitate vertical scrolling, selection from long lists, and navigation operations. The input elements and active areas on the four surfaces may be substantially similar to those as described above.

FIGS. 7 b and 7 c also illustrate a left side surface 740 and a right side surface 750 on which is disposed a side input assembly of the headset 700, which may be configured to include at least four side selection elements 712, 714, 716, 718 to facilitate shifting or indexing between modes and text input. The selection elements may be mapped to shortcuts to variety of functions, such as dialing and answering a call. Two of the selection elements 712, 714 may be implemented for left-handed users and the other two selection elements 716, 718 for right-handed users.

FIG. 7 d depicts the headset 700 being used as a remote control. That is, by integrating the remote control inputs into the headset 700, a user can remotely perform all functions of one or more host hand-held electronic devices using just the headset 700 that serves multiple functions. When talking or listening to music on a host device, such as a cellular phone, the headset 700 may be use as a regular headset receiving and transmitting audio signals through a speaker (not shown) and a microphone (not shown). When inputting text, the headset 700 may be held in either or both hands and used to accelerate text entry. When executing applications on host devices, the thumb wheel 710 and the sensor array 720 may be used to navigate and scroll through long lists and icon arrays. Thus, the headset 700 with integrated remote control may be implemented to operate a host device, such as a cellular phone, without ever removing the host device from its storage location (e.g., the user's pocket, jacket, backpack or purse).

Transferring Data to and from a Host Device

An accessory or input accelerator device as describe in FIGS. 1-7 above can be implemented to interface with various host devices to control input functions and/or transfer data between the accessory device and the host devices. Data as used in this specification can include productivity software (e.g. word processors, messaging applications, enterprise software etc.), gaming software (e.g. card games, casino games, driving games, first person shooter games, role playing games, etc.), visual content (e.g., wallpaper, pictures, etc.), music files (e.g., MP3 songs, MIDI files, WAV files, ringtones, alerts, etc.), multimedia files (e.g., video clips, etc.), address book entries (e.g., names, addresses, numbers, email addresses, etc.), calendar entries, documents (e.g., presentation files, text files, etc.), computer commands, etc. The accessory device can interface with a hand-held host device such as a mobile phone, an iPod, an MP3 player, a PDA, etc. In some implementations, the accessory device can interface with other suitable consumer electronics host devices such as a satellite radio, a lap top, a desk top computer, a video game console, a television, a DVD player, and/or a stereo system.

In one aspect, an accessory device can be implemented as a device for downloading, storing, executing, and transferring data. FIG. 8 illustrates a functional block diagram of an accessory device 800 implemented as a data platform. Similar to the input accelerators 100 and 200 described in FIGS. 1-4 above, the accessory device 800 can include a storage unit 810 and a communication channel 814 communicatively coupled through a bus 812. In such an implementation, the accessory device 800 functions as a wired or wireless storage device for a host device 850. In some implementations, the accessory device can include an optional download manager 820, and/or an optional processor 802 communicatively connected to the storage unit 810 and the communication channel 814 through the bus 812. The accessory device 800 can further include an optional input unit 822. The input unit 822 could either include generic input elements for navigation and operation of the host device 850, for example a touchstick for navigating webpages, or the input unit 822 can be custom designed for specific applications, for example a joystick for gaming applications. In the case of specific input elements, the content stored in the storage unit 810 may be the type of applications for which the input elements are specifically designed to operate. The host device 850 can include a host processor 860, a communication channel 862, and a transceiver 864.

The accessory device 800 can interface with a hand-held host device 850 by initiating a data link through the two communication channels 814 and 862. The communication channels 814 and 862 can be compatible with various wired or wireless communication media 830 as described with respect to FIGS. 1-4 above. For example, a wired connection can include a USB, firewire, serial port, parallel port, and audio jack connections. The wired connection can be achieved with a separate data cable (not shown) connecting the accessory device 800 with the host device 850. For example, a USB cable may be used for devices supporting USB connectivity. Alternatively, the wired connection can be achieved by directly plugging the host device 850 into a compatible data input/output port (not shown) on the accessory device 800. For example, if the host device 800 has a mini-USB port, the host device 850 can feature a male mini USB plug that interfaces directly with the host device's mini USB receptacle. Other hardware connections such as flexures or snap fit elements may be used to further secure the accessory device 800 to the host device 850 in addition to the plug-in data connection. An adaptor (not shown) may be supplied to allow one type of data connector (either attached to a data cable (not shown) or integrated with the accessory device 800) to plug into a variety of adaptors on the host device 850. A wireless connection can be implemented as a WiFi, a Bluetooth, a WiMax, or an IR connection, or some combination of the above. The communication channel 814 is capable of establishing a bidirectional data connection between the accessory device 800 and the hand-held host device 850. This data connection allows the communication channel 814 to transmit information bidirectionally between the accessory device 800 and the hand-held host device 850.

The download manager 820 can be designed to download or receive data from an external source. For example, a game application can be received from the external source. An external resource can include various computing and communication systems, including a personal computer 870 and a wireless network 880 connected to the internet. The download manager 820 can be instructed to download a selected application from a selected external source in response to a user interaction with one or more input elements of the hand-held host device 850. For example, a user can use the user interface on the hand-held host device 850 to start executing an application program on the host device 850. The application program can provide a software user interface, such as a web browser and/or a file manager, to allow a user to search for and select one or more pieces of mobile content (not shown) from various external sources. In response to user interaction with the application program, a command or instruction can be sent to the download manager 820 to download or receive the selected mobile content from the selected external source. Alternatively, the user can interface directly, using the optional input unit 822 on the accessory device, with the download manager 820 to select one or more pieces of mobile content to be downloaded from a selected external source. The download manager can be implemented as a software program or as hardware with embedded instructions. The mobile content may be sent directly from the download manager 820, or the download manager may elect to send an external link via an SMS message which is transmitted locally from the accessory device 800 to the host device 850 over the communication link 830. The user could then click on the link to download content over-the-air as a mechanism for downloading content to host devices which do not support direct content installation via a local communications link 830, or to provide a mechanism for procuring mobile content upgrades or software patches after making the initial purchase of the content in the form of the accessory device itself 800.

In some implementations, an accessory device can be encapsulated or prepackaged with data. FIG. 9 depicts an accessory device 900 having prepackaged data for transferring to a host device 950 (e.g., a mobile phone, PDA, smart phone, etc.). The accessory device 900 can include a processor 912, a storage unit 910, a communication channel 914, a battery 916, an input unit 918, and an output unit 922. The accessory device 900 can also include an optional download manager 920. The processor 912 can control the input 918 and output 922 units, and manage the data connection through the communication channel 914. The input unit 918 can include tangible input elements, such as a button, a touch pad, etc. An output unit 922 can include a display unit and LEDs. One or more batteries 916 can be used to power the accessory device 900. The storage unit 910 can include a memory module, such as a hard drive or a flash ROM, or a removable storage unit (e.g., a compact flash card) for storing the data on board. The storage unit 910 can store the mobile content to be delivered to the host device 950 (e.g. application programs, ringtones, video clips, wallpapers). In addition, the storage unit 910 can also store one or more computer executable instructions (e.g., an application program) to be executed by the optional processor 922. The communication channel 914 can be compatible with wired or wireless protocols similar to those described with reference to the communication channel 814 in FIG. 8.

The prepackaged accessory device 900 does not need to download data from an external source, and thus the download manager 920 may not be included. In some implementations, the download manager 920 can still be included in the prepackaged accessory device for updating the prepackaged data. The prepackaged accessory device 900 can be made available either from a brick and mortar retail environment, or from a website, or from a catalog, or through other channels where tangible products are distributed. The end user can check the compatibility of the host device 950 with the prepackaged accessory device 900 before purchasing the prepackaged device 900. Checking the compatibility can include determining if the prepackaged accessory device 900 supports the communication protocol available on the hand-held host device 950 in order to transfer data between the two devices, as well as checking to see if the mobile content deliverable by the accessory device 900 is supported by their host device 950.

Transferring the data stored on the prepackaged accessory device 900 to the hand-held host device 950 can be accomplished with minimum input from the user. For example, a single button or any other suitable user selectable input element (included in the input unit 918) on the prepackaged accessory device 900 can be mapped to a function designed to establish a data link between the prepackaged accessory device 900 and the hand-held host device 950 to prepare the two devices for data transfer. This function for transferring data between the prepackaged accessory device 900 and the host device 950 can execute various other functions that are necessary to establish a communication link and transfer data. For example, one or more communications-related applications can be called and executed to (1) identify the available communication protocol on the host device and ping the host device; (2) open a communication link; (3) determine system properties of the host device 950; (4) identify the appropriate version of the selected data; (5) transmit the selected data; and (6) verify the transmission. In some implementations, this can be accomplished by initiating a conventional Bluetooth communication link.

Mapping the function to the user input element can be accomplished using the mapping techniques as described with reference to FIGS. 1-7 above. FIG. 10 a illustrates one implementation of the prepackaged accessory device 900 with one or more user input elements (e.g., buttons) 1060. When a user activates a button 1060 that is mapped to a function for transferring data, a communication link 1070 is established for transferring data between the devices. The prepackaged accessory device 900 can be implemented to include a variety of form factors. FIG. 10 b-i illustrate some of these form factors, possible implementations, each designed to optimize the user interface for a different class of applications. The input unit 918 can furthermore sport a variety of external form factors, illustrated in FIG. 10 b-f. For example, the form factor can include a keyfob form factor (FIG. 10 b); a wearable jewelry item (e.g. a ring, a watch, or a charm on a bracelet) (FIG. 10 c-e); a hand held remote control with a 2D navigational input element with a number of buttons (FIG. 10 f); a headset with additional control elements such as a touch stick, buttons or other types of sensors (FIG. 10 g), or a special designed gaming controller for a specific class of applications, such as a card game with four stacks of cards, each controllable using a button (FIG h) and a gaming device plugged into the bottom of the host device (FIG. 10 i) that can be used to hold and stabilize both the accessory device and the host device itself. Other examples for form factors include: a USB flash drive (not shown); an accessory device with a receptacle for a hand held device (not shown; a dash board cell phone holder where the cell phone may be inserted in the device and the device mounted to the dashboard of a car (not shown); and a phone cradle (not shown).

FIGS. 11 a-e illustrate other possible implementations for the accessory device 1100. FIG. 11A illustrates an accessory device 1100 rigidly coupled to a host device 1150. The accessory device 1100 can be implemented to store data received from an external source or prepackaged in the accessory device 1100 as described with reference to FIGS. 8-9 above. For example, a selected game application stored in the accessory device 1100 can be pushed to the hand-held host device 1150 to initiate game play.

In FIG. 11A, the hand-held host device 1150 is illustrated as a mobile phone, and the accessory device 1100 is illustrated to provide a rigid physical connection to the host device 1150. The hand held host device 1150 can thus be held and operated by holding the accessory device 1100 with only one hand. In this implementation, the accessory device 1100 presents a form factor designed to optimize one handed interaction with the hand-held host device 1150. The form factor is also designed to stabilize the hand-held host device 1150 in a user's hand. The stabilizing form factor of the accessory device 1100 allows the user with a greater range of motion for the user's fingers when compared to the hand-held host device 1150 without the accessory device 1100. In addition, the form factor is designed to allow the user to grasp the accessory device 1100 in a manner optimized to prevent any of the input elements present on the hand-held host device 1150 from being obscured by the fingers holding the hand-held host device 1150. FIG. 11B illustrates another form factor for the accessory device 1110 designed to optimize two handed operation of the rigidly attached hand-held host device 1150. A pair of handles 1112 allows the user to grasp the accessory device 1100 using both hands as shown in FIG. 11B-C. Techniques for stabilizing an electronic device is described in a copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/187,588. The contents of the U.S. application Ser. No. 11/187,588 is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some implementations, the accessory device 1100 and 1110 can be implemented to physically and communicatively interface with the phone in various forms. FIGS. 11A-C illustrate separate accessory devices 1100, 1110 that plugs rigidly into a connector at the bottom of the hand-held host device 1150. FIG. 11D illustrates a separate accessory device 1120 that interfaces with the hand-held host device 1150 via a wirelessly connection, and FIG. 11E illustrates a separate accessory device 1130 communicating with the hand-held host device 1150 using a wired connection. The wireless and wired connections include at least those methods described with reference to FIGS. 1-9 above.

By implementing one or more of these form factors, the prepackaged accessory device 900 can be more than just a device for delivering data to a host device 950. For example, the prepackaged accessory device can also include a customized user interface optimized for use with the particular types of data delivered to the host device 950. For instance, a map application may be packaged with a 2D mouse cursor controller as well as additional text and numeric input elements for entering mixed alphanumeric text in a headset form factor (FIG. 10 g). Alternatively, if the prepackaged device 900 contains gaming software, the prepackaged device can include a thumb joystick, trim pot, or other gaming specific interfaces such as uniquely laid out and clearly labeled buttons designed to result in the best user experience (e.g., FIG. 10 f, FIG. 10 h).

The data stored on the prepackaged accessory device 900 can optionally include multiple versions, such as one for each computer platform (e.g., Symbian® OS and Microsoft® CE, or manufacturer specific firmware versions such as Nokia® Series 40, Nokia® Series 60 or Motorola® OS). When the prepackaged accessory device 900 establishes a data link with the hand-held host device 950, in the process of delivering the mobile content, the hand-held host device 950 can be queried to determine the host device's system properties. Once the system properties have been sent back to the prepackaged accessory device 900, the information may be used by, the prepackaged accessory device 900 to choose an appropriate software version from its memory store to be transferred to the hand-held host device 950. Alternatively, inquiring for the system properties may be skipped and an algorithm may be employed to send the selected content one version at a time until an acceptable version is received by the host device 950. Alternatively, the device may be clearly labeled for use with specific host devices, such that there is no risk of confusion or device incompatibility, and only one version needs to be stored and sent to the host device 950. In addition to the system properties, a general bidirectional communication link can be established between the prepackaged accessory device 900 and the hand-held host device 950 to request and receive various types of data. The data link established can include a wired or wireless connection as described with reference to FIG. 8 above. Once a data link has been established, the selected data can be transferred locally, from the prepackaged accessory device 900 to the hand-held host device 950, without going through either a PC or a cellular carrier's wireless network.

In both the accessory device 800 and prepackaged accessory device 900, the information transmitted through the communication channel 814, 914 and between the accessory device 800, 900 and the hand-held host device 850, 950 can vary depending on the implementation. In one implementation, the mobile content can be transmitted or pushed in its entirety from the storage unit 810, 910 of the accessory device 800, 900 to the hand-held host device 850, 950. For example, the mobile content may comprise a software application, such as a game. The pushed application can be installed and executed on the host device 850, 950. In such implementations, the accessory device 800, 900 transmits the selected software application to non-volatile memory (e.g., a ROM, flash memory, a hard drive, etc.) on the hand-held host device 850, 950 to be run on the hand-held host device. In another implementation, a stub application may be sent and installed on the host device 850, 950, which provides an interface for the user to “pull” the desired content from an externally hosted location. In yet another implementation, a link to the desired application may be sent over the local communication channel 814, 914, via an SMS text message, via pushing an address card on host devices which support this type of feature (e.g. Nokia Series 60 devices or other smart phones such as the Treo™ from PalmOne or a device running a variety of Microsoft Windows Mobile operating systems), or via pushing specialized header files which encapsulate the link, such as a JAD (Java Application Descriptor) file for some mobile host devices supporting J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Mobile Edition from Sun Microsystems). While the above description surrounds software applications for mobile devices, other types of mobile content may be delivered in their entirety as well, including ring tones, video clips, wallpaper and the like.

Example pseudo code for pushing content from the accessory devices 800, 900 to the host device 850, 950 may be as follows:

-   -   Establish a data connection with the host device;     -   Optionally query the host device for system properties;     -   For each unit of mobile content to be delivered,         -   Choose the best version stored on board,         -   Send the content to the desired destination location on the             host device, and         -   Continue until all content is delivered

For an implementation with Bluetooth wireless connectivity, the pseudo code for establishing a data connection with the mobile handset may be as follows:

-   -   Discover all Bluetooth devices within range during a user         specified amount of time;     -   For every Bluetooth device in range,         -   Request to pair with the device,         -   Send the pairing code,         -   Wait for pairing response,         -   If timed out, continue to next device in range;     -   If device responds with correct pairing code, complete pairing,         exit loop         Subsequent to successful pairing with a Bluetooth         implementation, the mobile content may be delivered via a         variety of standard Bluetooth protocols, such as Object Exchange         (OBEX)—Object Push Profile (OPP), File Transfer Profile (FTP) or         the like.

Alternatively, in the case of applications comprising the mobile content to be delivered, the selected application can remain stored on the accessory device 800, 900 to be executed on the accessory device 800, 900. Upon execution of the selected application on the accessory device, 800, 900, only run-time data needs to be transmitted to the host device 850, 950 for the duration that the application is running. For example, streaming video output, and/or a command interface, and/or other auxiliary run time information for the selected application can be transmitted to the hand-held host device 850, 950, to be output through one or more output units on the latter (e.g., a display unit, or the speaker, or a vibratory feedback unit residing on the host device 850, 950). In some implementations, a part of the application can be installed and executed on the accessory device 800, 900 and a part of the application can be installed and executed on the hand-held host device 850, 950, the two parts running simultaneously and communicating with each other via a command interface implemented over the communications link. For example, during installation of the selected application, only the executable file needs to be installed on the host device 850, 950, and all remaining files (e.g., graphics, audio, GUI control, etc.) can be installed on the accessory device 800, 900. In these implementations, the computing burden can be shared between the accessory device 800, 900 and the host device 850, 950. In addition, regardless of where the application is executed (either on the accessory device 800, 900, or on the host device 850,950, or both), the functions related to the executed application can be controlled using the input elements on the accessory device 800, 900, or the input elements on the host device 850, 950, or both. These control options can be accomplished by using the mapping techniques as described in this specification.

The following paragraphs provide more detail on potential options for different architectures for distributed mobile content execution between the host device and the accessory device. A selected unit of mobile content can be installed and executed on the hand-held host device 1150, and the accessory device 1100, 1110 can be implemented to function as a storage or depository for storing downloaded or prepackaged data. The accessory device 1100, 1110 can also function as a removable hard drive for storing other data, including images, videos, audios, and document files. In such implementations, the accessory device 1100, 1110 can be used as an external memory or storage to augment the storage space available on the hand-held host device 1150, which may or may not be equipped with mini-SD cards or other removable memory units.

In an implementation where the mobile content of interest is a game application, when connected to the accessory device 1100, 1110, the hand-held host device 1150 can handle execution of the selected game application as though the game application was installed on the hand-held host device 1050. The game application can be downloaded and stored in a storage unit (e.g., 810, 910 in FIGS. 8-9) using various techniques including a PC download mechanism such as ActiveSync or via over-the-air download from a wireless communication network provider's software downloading network. The accessory device 1100, 1110 as illustrated in FIGS. 11 a-c do not include any input elements, and thus the input selectors/buttons/keys on the hand-held host device 1150 are used to control the game play of the selected game application.

In some implementations, an optional processor (e.g., 822, 922 in FIGS. 8-9) is included in the accessory device 1100 or 1110. The processor 922 can be designed to determine whether the selected data should be executed on the accessory device 1100, 1110 or on the hand-held host device 1150. In making the determination, the processor 822, 922 can consider various factors. For example, the processor 812, 922 can determine the most efficient computing resource allocation based on the number of applications already running on the hand-held host device 1150. If the game processor determines that the selected game application should be executed on the accessory device 1100 or 1110. Then the selected game application is executed immediately on the accessory device 1100, 1110. Then a communication channel (e.g., 814) transmits data related to the executed game application to the hand-held host device 1150 and 1150. For example, the streaming video and audio data of the executed game data file can be transmitted to the hand-held host device 1150 to be displayed on the host display unit and outputted through a built in speaker of the storage limit. In such implementations, the hand-held host device 1100 and 1150 is used only as an output device (e.g., visual display and audio output).

FIG. 12A illustrates an accessory device 1200 having at least one input assembly 1210 rigidly connected to the hand-held host device 1250. In an implementation where the mobile content is a game application, the input assembly 1010 can include integrated input elements such as thumb joysticks, buttons, thumb wheels and other suitable sensors, to capture user input and accelerate game play. Each of the input elements can be selectively mapped to one or more game functions based on the selected game data file executed. In addition, the input elements can be selectively mapped to other input functions based on the selected data file application executed.

Accelerating or controlling an application (e.g., game play) of the executed game data file can be implemented in various ways. For example, the input elements (keys and/or buttons) on the hand-held host device 1250 can be used to capture user input selections, and only the input elements on the hand-held device 1250 can be selectively mapped to game functions related to the selected game application currently miming. A potential input element mapping can include mapping the D-pad to the game functions for controlling direction, cursor or character movement. Techniques described in the co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/699,555 and the co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/221,412 can be applied on the existing input elements of the hand-held host device 1250 to selectively reassign/remap the input elements to control cursor or character movement, enter text, or perform other tasks. The 10/699,555 application and the 11/221,412 application are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Alternatively, the input elements 1210 on the accessory device 1200 can be used alone to accelerate or control an application (e.g., game play). Only the input elements 1210 on the accessory device 1200 are selectively mapped to game functions related to the selected game application. The input elements 1210 on the accessory device 1200 can further include buttons, thumb joysticks, iPod™ ThumbWheel type strip sensors for strolling, rocker switches, thumb wheels (e.g., the Blackberry™ thumb wheel), integrated sensor arrays for re-mapable keys, force-sensitive resistors in various layout arrangements, touchpads, touch sticks, trackballs, and integrated sensor arrays for gesture sensing and processing.

In some implementations, the input elements on the hand-held host device 950 and the input elements 1210 on the accessory device 1200 can be used in combination to accelerate or control game play. In such instances, a combination of the input elements on the hand-held host device 1250 and the accessory device can be selectively mapped to game functions based on the selected game application currently running.

In some implementations, the input elements 1210 on the accessory device 1200 can be used to improve the usability of other applications (e.g., text entry) as described in the co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/249,009. The 11/249,009 application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some implementations, the accessory device 1200 can be implemented to interface with the hand-held host device 1250 using a wireless connection 1230 as shown in FIG. 12B. To facilitate game play, a stand or holder 1220 for stabilizing the hand-held host device 1250 can be provided. The stand 1220 is designed or configured to hold the hand-held host device at a position optimized for a user to view the display screen 1240. The stand 1220 can be implemented to allow the user to adjust the height and angle of the stand with respect to the horizontal surface.

In some implementations, an accessory device can be implemented to bypass the game storage and delivery functionalities and be designed purely as a game controller with no other additional functionality. As described above with reference to FIGS. 8-12B above, the accessory device can be configured to communicate with a hand-held host device via a wireless or wired communication protocol. Games written to accept analog input from a hand-held host device (e.g. a mobile phone) can be controlled using such a accessory device. As described above with reference to FIGS. 8-12B above, the input elements on the accessory device can be mapped to the game functions corresponding to the analog input elements on the hand-held host device.

The host hand-held device 850, 950 can employ various techniques to interpret the information transmitted from the accessory device 800, 900 through the communication channel 814, 914. For example, a device driver (e.g. a Bluetooth driver or a USB driver) for managing raw data streams can be implemented. Alternatively, a game software development kit (SDK) specially tailored to support fast development of games on the unique games platform disclosed herein can be implemented. Further, a generic input/output SDK designed to harness the input and output capabilities of the accessory device 800, 900 configured to function as a game platform and/or delivery and storage device for other types of applications (e.g. business applications involving text entry; media playing applications involving navigation of long lists; etc) can be implemented.

The accessory device 800 can be implemented to receive data from a personal computer 870 through the communication channel 814. For example, the communication channel 814 can establish a bidirectional communication channel with the personal computer 870 through a wired communication port such as a USB port (not shown). Alternatively, the communication channel 814 can connect to the personal computer 870 through a wireless communication port such as Bluetooth. Once downloaded, the selected data is stored in the storage unit 810.

The prepackaged device 900 can also communicate with the personal computer 870 to update the preloaded data. For example, the preloaded data can be a virus protection application that has a term of year license period. At the end of the license period, the preloaded virus protection application may expire automatically. Instead of purchasing a new prepackaged accessory device, the end user can be given the option of downloading an updated application. In such implementations, the end user can download an updated version of the application using the personal computer 870, and the prepackaged device 900 can be communicatively coupled to the accessory device 900 to transfer the updated application to the accessory device 900. The download from the personal computer 870 can be executed by the optional download manager 920. Alternatively, the preloaded data can be a game application or a productivity application. Software upgrades or patches may be procured in this manner via the PC 870 to update the preloaded data after the initial purchase has been completed. Alternatively, the user may have purchased a plan to continue to receive new audio content (e.g. ringtones) over a period of weeks or months. This data can be downloaded from the PC 870 to be transferred to the host device 850 as well.

In some implementations, the accessory device 800 can be implemented to receive data from a wireless communication network 880 through the communication channel 814. For example, the communication channel 814 can connect to the hand-held host device 850 and access an existing wireless communication network interface unit such as a transceiver 864 configured to connect to a wireless communication network. The wireless communication network can include various high speed wireless broadband network systems including the Enhanced Date Rates for GSM Revolution (EDGE) network from Cingular® and T-Mobile®, the 1× Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO, EV-DO, or 1×EV-DO) from Verizon® and Sprint®. The data can be downloaded from the wireless communication network provider or a third party through the internet. As previously mentioned, this mechanism provides an alternative method to obtain software patches or upgrades, new content downloaded over time, and a means to install content on host devices 850 that do not support direct content installation from the accessory device 800.

The downloaded data is stored in the storage units 810, 910. Storing the data in the storage units 810, 910 can involve various devices and mechanisms. The data can be hardwired in a non-volatile memory unit of the accessory devices 900. The data can be downloaded from the internet or a local network by accessing a communication unit of the hand-held host devices 850, 950 and stored in a non-volatile memory unit of the accessory device 800. Alternatively, the accessory devices 800, 900 can be implemented to include an input/output (I/O) slot/port (not shown) capable of interfacing with a removable storage unit (not shown). For example, a data cartridge or a compact flash card can be inserted into the I/O slot/port to load new games to the accessory device 800, 900. The data cartridge can be implemented to include the following form factors: (1) A proprietary cartridge design manufactured by a branded hand-held content provider company, such as a hand held gaming device manufacturer; (2) A cartridge design with published physical and software interfaces for third party development and deployment; and (3) A standard miniature flash memory device, including but not limited to: mini or micro memory SD cards, XD memory cards, SD memory cards, CompactFlash memory cards, Memory stick, or other suitable storage devices.

Moreover, the input accelerator device described herein can be implemented as a “Master” device in communication link with multiple “Slave” or host devices. The user can easily switch from one host device to another easily just by selecting the desired host device from a list of host devices that may be displayed on a screen or LC disposed on the input accelerator device. For example, a user can selectively control a host device, such as a cellular phone, to answer a phone call using the input accelerator device. While talking to the caller using the headset 700, the user can put the caller on hold and look up an e-mail address from another host device, such as a PDA by selectively controlling the PDA. After retrieving the e-mail address, the user can return to the phone conversation by selectively switching back to controlling the cellular phone.

In any of the above implementations, active and/or passive tactile feedback may be implemented. To provide passive tactile feedback, the input elements of the first and/or second input assemblies may be combined with a palpable detent, such as a dome cap or dome spring so that a user can tactilely perceive, through his fingers or thumbs, activation and/or deactivation of an input element. In one implementation, among others, the palpable detent may be positioned between the actuator and sensor components of the input elements. To provide active tactile feedback, one or more vibratory units or force producing units may be mounted in the hand-held electronic device and activated to provide tap or index level or other information to a user. The vibratory unit may be an electric motor with an eccentric mass attached to the motor's shaft, a solenoid, a variable reluctance device, a loud speaker or any other vibrator that can provide tactile feedback. A force producing unit may be a solenoid in non-vibratory mode, a motor, non-vibratory actuators or any other actuator that can produce forces. A vibratory unit and/or force producing unit may be provided for each input element. In that case, the vibratory unit and/or force producing unit may be mounted below the input element so that when the vibratory unit and/or force producing unit is activated, the vibratory unit and/or force producing unit can push out the surface of the electronic device to a different level or position depending on the information to be communicated. Thus, in implementations using a pressure sensor pad or touch-pad as the input element, a stepped array may be configured to indicate higher and higher levels of index positions across the touch pad or pressure sensor pad. The vibratory units and/or force producing units may also be used to provide tactile feedback to indicate the momentary achievement of an objective, such as target lock in game applications. Tactile feedback may also be accomplished by actuators, such as a solenoid, which changes the stiffness of the input element electronically or pushes against the user's hand or fingers to indicate an event of interest in the software application.

The computational aspects described here can be implemented in analog or digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Where appropriate, aspects of these systems and techniques can be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor; and method steps can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. These computer programs (also known as programs, software, software applications or code) include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and may be implemented in a high-level procedural and/or object-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language. As used herein, the term “information carrier” comprises a “computer-readable medium” that includes any computer program product, apparatus and/or device (e.g., magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal, as well as a propagated machine-readable signal. The term “machine-readable signal” refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor.

The systems and techniques described above may utilize the biomechanics of the thumb and fingers, i.e., it uses the function of opposition, the fine motor control of the fingers, and the larger range of motion and stronger actuation provided by the thumb. By using the fingers and thumb in concert, the number of taps and time needed to accomplish a given function is reduced, the accuracy is improved, and the natural programming inherent in the human hand replaces the training required for other systems.

A number of implementations have been described. Other implementations may include different or additional features. For example, other configurations of the one or more input elements of the front, rear and side input assemblies may be realized. Also, the input accelerator devices described herein may have more or less than six planar or contoured surfaces. Moreover, the number of input elements in the input assemblies are not limited to the number of input elements described in the implementations above. Also, the one or more input elements of the input assemblies may be any input or selection type known to one of skill in the art, such as keys, buttons, touch pads, other types of pads, rockers, sliders, dials, contact sensors or other actuators associated with any sensor. Each sensor associated with an actuator may include digital momentary on/off switches or analog sensors, such as pressure sensors (e.g., force sensitive resistors, piezoelectric film sensors, or capacitive sensors), or positional sensors (e.g., rotary or linear potentiometers or encoders), or other analog sensors known to those of ordinary skill, or accelerometers or gyroscopes. The input assemblies may include a combination of these different types of input or selection elements, which may be mounted in the configurations shown in the figures or imbedded within the device to permit control through motion of the overall device.

Further, other implementations of the hybrid auxiliary input acceleration device are possible. People already carry around existing accessory devices, which can be instrumented with additional sensors to provide additional input signals to the host device for input acceleration. Devices carried in the purse, in the wallet, or on a keychain are ideal because these devices already serve another primary function, and providing input acceleration via these devices may result in a convergent accelerator device that substantially improves user experience without increasing the number of items that a person needs to carry around. Like the standalone remote control implementation, these convergent input accelerator devices may communicate with the host device wirelessly through a Bluetooth protocol or wirelessly through a rough-line-of-sight infrared link. Alternatively, the convergent input accelerator devices may physically plug into the host device via connectors already present in the host device, such as a headset jack or one of many data ports described above.

In another implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be a car key with a remote keyless entry device, which is a common device that most people carry on their keychain. The remote keyless entry device already has a button, a radio frequency (RF) link, and an on board processor to transmit security information from the remote keyless entry device to a host vehicle to open a door, window, or a trunk; alter climate control settings; or control any other vehicle functions remotely. Most remote keyless entry devices are also small in size and possess comfortable form factor. One or more input assemblies including buttons, touchpads, or continuous sensor strips may be integrated into the remote keyless entry device to convert it into a hybrid device, which may function as an input accelerator device for a host device. The hybrid remote keyless entry input accelerator device can communicate with the host device using a Bluetooth protocol, a long range RF protocol, or Infrared protocol.

In yet another implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be a remote garage door opener. While these remote openers typically tend to be clipped to the visor in a car, they can also be more miniature in size and carried on a keychain. These devices can easily be augmented to have buttons and sensors appropriate for use as an input accelerator device for host device.

In one implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be a programmable radio frequency identification (RFID) keyfob. Today, many workers gain access to their secure workplace via an RFID keyfob. The circuitry in such a keyfob may be housed inside an input accelerator with buttons, sensor arrays and a wireless communication protocol to be used as an auxiliary input accelerator device to the host device.

In another implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be a smartcard. In Europe and Asia, contactless, wireless smartcards based on similar technologies as the RFID keyfob are increasingly being used for a variety of commerce transactions. For example, in District of Columbia Metro Subway System, every terminal is smartcard enabled and people can pay for their subway rides by waving their wallet containing a prepaid smartcard in front of a grounded receptor. Such smartcard may be incorporated into an input accelerator device that may be carried on a keychain. Thus, the smartcard input accelerator may be used to augment interactions with a host device as well as serve as the primary mode of identification and payment in everyday life.

In yet another implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be a universal remote control device. A pocket size universal remote control device with soft keys may be configured to control all standard home entertainment devices such as televisions, DVD players, VHS players, and sound systems in addition to a host device such as a cellular phone. The universal remote control device may either use the same infrared link to communicate with home entertainment devices and with the cellular phone, or it may communicate with the cellular phone using another wireless protocol, such as Bluetooth protocol.

In yet another implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be a digital wristwatch incorporating the functionality of the input accelerator device. Digital wrist watches, especially running or exercise watches, typically have a digital display and a number of buttons for tracking lap times, heart rate and other important biostatistics. They also typically have a larger surface area than typical wrist watches. These watches may readily be programmed and retrofitted with optional additional sensor arrays to be used as an input accelerator for the host device.

In one implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be an MP3 device such as an iPod. While multimedia content delivery on the mobile platform is becoming a norm, currently many people still carry a separate MP3 player for listening to music. The iPod or other MP3 players already incorporate sensors and buttons, which may be easily augmented to be used as the input accelerator device for interfacing with the host device, such as a cellular phone. The MP3 player may connect to the host device using an existing or added wireless protocol, such as Bluetooth.

In one implementation, the auxiliary input accelerator device may be an ultimate wireless converged remote controller device. Some or all of the above implementations may be combined into a single converged input accelerator device, The form factor of the device may be a keyfob form factor to go on a key chain, a wrist watch form factor to go on the wrist, or any other miniature form factor that facilitate portability. The ultimate converged remote controller device may perform all of the following functions in addition to controlling any additional devices possessing a short or long range wireless link. The ultimate converged remote controller device may function as an input accelerator for cellular phones, with keys and optional sensor arrays; a remote keyless entry device with a long range RF circuitry; a remote garage door opener; a RFID keyfob with a short range passive RF circuitry; a smartcard for identification and commerce with a short range passive RF circuitry; an universal remote controller device for home entertainment systems; and/or any other auxiliary functions people may want to incorporate.

Moreover, the methods to provide data input, device control or game control may be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. 

1-20. (canceled)
 21. An accessory device for interacting with a hand-held host device, the accessory device comprising: an input assembly including a plurality of input elements, the input assembly being operable to generate input signals corresponding to user input captured at one or more of the plurality of input elements, the plurality of input elements including an input element disposed on a first surface of the accessory device and an input element disposed on a second surface of the accessory device; a display operable to display output data to a user; and a communications channel operable to transmit to the host device data corresponding to the input signals and to receive from the host device data corresponding to the output data; wherein the hand-held host device is operable to execute a plurality of software applications and an input element of the input assembly is operable to be mapped to control one or more functions of at least one of the plurality of software applications.
 22. The accessory device of claim 21 wherein the display is disposed on a third surface of the accessory device.
 23. The accessory device of claim 21 wherein a first input element is operable to control a mapping application to change a mapping of a second input element from a first to a second function of a host application.
 24. The accessory device of claim 21 wherein the accessory device comprises a form factor adapted to be coupled to a wrist band.
 25. The accessory device of claim 24 wherein the form factor is a digital watch form factor.
 26. The accessory device of claim 21 wherein the communication channel is adapted to transmit and receive graphical user interface (“GUI”) data to and from the hand-held host device.
 27. The accessory device of claim 26 wherein the GUI data corresponds to an Internet browsing application.
 28. A method for interacting with a hand-held host device using an accessory device, the method comprising: generating input signals corresponding to user input captured at one or more of a plurality of input elements of an input assembly, the plurality of input elements including an input element disposed on a first surface of the accessory device and an input element disposed on a second surface of the accessory device; displaying output data to a user; and transmitting from the accessory device to the host device data corresponding to the input signals and receiving from the host device data corresponding to the output data; wherein the hand-held host device is operable to execute a plurality of software applications and an input element of the input assembly is operable to be mapped to control one or more functions of at least one of the plurality of software applications.
 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the display is disposed on a third surface of the accessory device.
 30. The method of claim 28 further comprising enabling a first input element to control a mapping application to change a mapping of a second input element from a first to a second function of a host application.
 31. The method of claim 28 wherein the accessory device comprises a form factor adapted to be coupled to a wrist band.
 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the form factor is a digital watch form factor.
 33. The method of claim 28 wherein graphical user interface (“GUI”) data is transmitted between the accessory device and the hand-held host device.
 34. The method of claim 33 wherein the GUI data corresponds to an Internet browsing application.
 35. An accessory device for interacting with a hand-held host device, the accessory device comprising: input means for generating input signals, the input means being disposed on first and second surfaces of the accessory device; display means for displaying output data to a user; and communication means for transmitting data corresponding to the input signals to the host device and for receiving data corresponding to the output data from the host device; wherein the hand-held host device is operable to execute a plurality of software applications and the input means includes means operable to be mapped for controlling one or more functions of at least one of the plurality of software applications.
 36. The accessory device of claim 35 wherein the display means is disposed on a third surface of the accessory device.
 37. The accessory device of claim 35 wherein a first input means is for controlling a mapping application to change a mapping of a second input means from a first to a second function of a host application.
 38. The accessory device of claim 35 wherein the accessory device comprises form factor means.
 39. The accessory device of claim 38 wherein the form factor means includes means for disposing the accessory device on a wristband. 